Switchboards are critical components in electrical systems, responsible for dispersing power from a primary source to various circuits and loads.
The main parts of a switchboard include:
Main Incoming Feeder: This is where the primary power supply enters the switchboard. It usually connects to the main switch or circuit breaker (Service Circuit Breaker) that controls the entire switchboard’s power supply.
Main Switch/Service Circuit Breaker: This component allows the operator to disconnect power from the entire switchboard. It serves as a safety mechanism during maintenance or emergencies.
Busbars: Busbars are conductive bars or strips within the switchboard that distribute electrical power to various branch circuits. They carry the electrical current from the main feeder to the individual circuit breakers or switches.
Circuit Breakers/Switches: These devices control the flow of electricity to individual circuits or loads. Circuit breakers protect circuits from overloads or short circuits by interrupting the current flow when necessary. Switches, on the other hand, simply turn circuits on or off without protection against faults.
Distribution Panels: These panels contain multiple circuit breakers or switches arranged in rows and columns. Each breaker or switch corresponds to a specific electrical circuit or load within the building or facility.
Metering Devices: Some switchboards include meters for monitoring electrical parameters such as voltage, current, and power consumption. These meters provide valuable data for energy management and troubleshooting.
Control Components: These components include control switches, indicators, and relays that allow operators to monitor and control the switchboard’s functions. They may also include alarm systems for detecting faults or abnormalities.
Enclosure: The switchboard is normally in a protective enclosure made of metal or other durable materials. The enclosure provides insulation, protection against environmental factors, and safety for personnel working near the switchboard.
Accessories: Various accessories can be incorporated depending on the switchboard’s specific application. These can include surge protectors, arc flash protection relays, wiring ducts, cable ways, rain hoods/roofs, sun shields, vents/fans, cubicles to incorporate control equipment and labelling for identifying circuits.
These main parts work together to ensure the safe and efficient distribution of electricity within a building, facility, or industrial setting. Switchboards can vary in complexity and size based on the scale of the electrical system they serve, ranging from small residential distribution panels to large industrial switchboards for complex power distribution networks.